WATER HEATER PRINCIPLES CONSTRUCTION AND DIAGRAMS *
Water heaters are of two types.
(1) Immersion heater and
(2) Storage water heater
■ IMMERSION HEATER :
Immersion heater is used to heat the water.
Principle
In this heating effect of electric current is used. When current I flows
through a resistance R for time period t, heat equal Rt joule is produced.
Water is heated by this heat.
Construction:
In this, a tube of copper or stainless steel is taken. The lower portion is
made like a coil. In the tube nichrome wire is kept in the center and
surrounding space is filled with mineral powder, so that the nichrome wire
does not touch the tube. There is ebonite base at the top from which the
supply chord is joined. Immersion heaters are rated for 230 V, 1000 W or1500 W
Note: Immersion heater should not be switched on until it is immersed
in water up to the mark given on it.
Faults and causes of faults
1. Water does not get heated: The reasons may be that the supply isnot available, fuse might have blown, Wire may be open, heating
element might have opened.
2 Fuse blows off while switching on or shock is experienced : Theprobable reasons are that the heating element might be touching the tube, or the wires in the supply chord might have shorted.
* (2)Storage water heater:
Storage water heater is also used to heat water.
Principle:
This appliance also works on the heating effect of electric current. When
current I ffows through a resistance R for time period t, heat equal P Rt jouleis produced
Construction
In this there is a circular tank made of copper. It is tin-plated to avoidcorrosion. A cover made of sheet steel is provided surrounding the tank and itis painted with enamel paint. The space between the two tanks is filled withglass wool to prevent the heat radiation to the atmosphere. A vertical heating
element is kept at the center of the inner tank. lts leads are taken out from
the bottom side.
A vertical strip type thermostat is kept in between the heating element
which is used to control the temperature of water. A small pipe is taken out
Irom the top on which a fusible plug is kept. When the tank is empty and the
heater is switched on, the temperature inside increases and the pressure also
increases. In such condition, the fusible plug melts and the pressure is released.
The ratings of storage water heater depend on its liter capacity. For example,
it is 1 kW for 25 liter, 2 kW for 50 liter and 3 kW for 100 loiter.
Temperature of water can be controlled by thermostat. The range is from
320 C to 88° C. thermostat is available in the lengths of 175 mm, 275 mm
and 450 mm with 8 mm diameter. Thermostat is kept inside the tube and the
tube is placed near the heating element. It is connected in series with theheating element.
Probable laultts and causes :)
(1 )water does noot get heated: The reasons may be that the suppiynot available, fuse might have blown off, heating element mignt be open etc.
2.
Quantity of water may be insufficient : Reasons may be low ratingot thermostat, capacity of heater tank might be less compared to the numberof person
3.
Water is heated excessively and steam comes out : The reasonmay be that the thermostat setting might be high, Thermo stat might have weled or heating element might have earthed.
(4)
Leakage of water through tank: This may be near thermostat or
near the flange of the heating element or in the pipe connections.
5.
Fuse blows off while switching on: The reason may be earth fault,or short circuit in wire or near element.
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